Choosing a Bug Out Location

Finding Your Safe Haven in Times of Crisis

In today’s unpredictable world, the concept of “bugging out” has gained significant traction among those concerned about their safety and well-being. Whether it’s the threat of natural disasters, civil unrest, or economic collapse, having a designated bug-out location (BOL) can be the difference between chaos and calm. But what makes a location ideal for bugging out? 

And how can you ensure that your chosen haven offers the best protection and resources for you and your loved ones? This guide takes a dive into the intricacies of selecting the perfect bug-out location, ensuring you’re prepared for whatever the future holds.

But we must start with a reality check.

Reality Check: How Far Away Can My BOL Be?

It is all well and good having a bug-out location but in a serious SHTF scenario, when the world is falling apart, air travel is shut down and gas supplies are likely unreliable, how far away can one reasonably expect to travel to reach one’s BOL?

You have got to rely on being able to get there.

In a serious SHTF (Sh*t Hits The Fan) scenario, the distance one can reasonably expect to travel to reach their BOL depends on several factors:

Mode of Transportation

On the face of it, one’s automobile looks like the best option. It can carry your entire family plus a decent bug-out load, and it can move you quickly.

But, if the roads are congested or blocked, vehicles may not be the best option. Besides what if your vehicle won’t start or has been stolen? Yes, you have to plan for worst-case scenarios.

As to flying. All we can ask is, “Are you serious?’

• In a SHTF scenario, air traffic may be halted.
• And if you have a private plane, you can’t count on fuel being available.
• And you can’t count on your destination airstrip being open.
• And you have to count on being able to get to the airport in the first place

On foot, a fit individual can cover 10-20 miles a day under challenging conditions, but this can vary based on terrain, load carried, and individual fitness. 

Bicycles can cover more ground, around 40-60 miles a day, depending on the same factors.

But what if you are a family unit with young children?

Availability of Resources

If gas supplies are unreliable, then the range of vehicles becomes limited to the amount of fuel on hand (in your tank and maybe in a jerry can). Additionally, traveling longer distances requires more provisions, like food and water.

Safety and Security

Longer distances might mean traveling through areas that are less secure or facing potential threats from others who are desperate for resources.

And bugging out of an urban environment can be positively dangerous.

Knowledge of the Route

Familiarity with the route, including potential shortcuts and alternative paths, can influence how quickly and safely one can travel.

Physical and Mental Fitness

The ability to travel long distances, especially on foot or by bicycle, requires both physical stamina and mental resilience.

And of course, the challenge is compounded, if you have the young and elderly with you.

Weather and Environment

Harsh weather conditions, like extreme heat, cold, or storms, can significantly reduce the distance one can cover in a day.

Effective BOL Distance

Given these factors, in a severe SHTF scenario, a BOL should be located within a distance that can be covered in a day or two by vehicle (assuming you have enough fuel) or within a week on foot. 

This typically translates to a BOL that’s 50-150 miles away if driving, or 20-70 miles if walking. However, the closer the BOL is to your primary residence (while still being in a safe and strategic location), the better.

We introduce this reality check at the beginning of this article, not to pour cold water on the idea of having a BOL, but rather to put it in a useful and realistic perspective.

Too many preppers get caught up in the romanticism of having a BOL location in some idyllic spot without thinking the whole thing through.

Bottom Line: Your choice of a BOL is severely limited by distance from where you live.

The Importance of a Bug Out Location

The Role of a Bug Out Location in Survival Planning

A bug-out location is more than just a place to escape to; it’s a cornerstone of comprehensive survival planning. In scenarios where your primary residence becomes unsafe or untenable, a BOL serves as a fallback position, offering shelter, resources, and a base of operations. 

It’s a place where you’ve either stockpiled essential supplies or ensured that natural resources are abundant enough to sustain you for an extended period. Think of it as your insurance policy against the unpredictable, a place where you can regroup, reassess, and plan your next move.

Factors That Make a Location Ideal for Bugging Out

When evaluating potential bug-out locations, several factors come into play:

• Safety: Above all, the location should offer protection from immediate threats. This could mean being far from urban centers in the event of civil unrest or being elevated in flood-prone areas.
• Sustainability: Can the location support you long-term? Consider factors like soil quality for farming, access to fresh water, and the availability of game or fish.
• Accessibility: While remoteness is a benefit in terms of safety, you also need to ensure you can reach your BOL when the need arises. This means considering road conditions, potential bottlenecks, and even alternative routes.
• Defensibility: In worst-case scenarios, you might need to defend your location. Natural barriers, visibility, and the ability to fortify can all play a role.
• Climate and Weather: Extreme conditions, whether it’s the harsh cold or sweltering heat, can make survival challenging. Choose a location with a climate you’re prepared to handle.
• Affordability: Last but not least, you have to be able to afford to buy your BOL and also equip it.

Geographic Considerations

When it comes to survival, the lay of the land can play a pivotal role. The geography of your bug-out location can offer advantages in terms of resources, safety, and sustainability. Let’s explore some of the key geographic factors to consider.

Evaluating Terrain and Natural Barriers

The physical features of a location can offer both protection and challenges. Mountains, for instance, can act as natural barriers against threats, but they can also make access difficult. Rivers can provide a steady source of fresh water but can also pose flood risks. When evaluating the terrain:

• Look for elevated areas that offer a good vantage point and are less prone to flooding.
• Consider natural barriers like thick forests, cliffs, or water bodies that can deter unwanted visitors.
• Avoid low-lying areas or places prone to natural disasters like landslides or avalanches.

Proximity to Water Sources

Water is the elixir of life. Having a reliable source of fresh water is non-negotiable when choosing a bug-out location.

• Rivers, lakes, and streams can be invaluable, but ensure they aren’t polluted or prone to drying up.
• Groundwater sources, like wells or natural springs, can be a boon, especially in drier regions.
• Always have a method to purify water, as even the cleanest-looking sources can harbor contaminants.

Climate and Weather Patterns

The climate of your bug-out location will influence your survival strategy. A location with harsh winters will require ample heating resources and winter-ready shelter. Conversely, a hot climate might necessitate shade, ventilation, and increased water storage.

• Research the historical weather patterns of the area. Are there frequent droughts, heavy rains, or snowfall?
• Consider the impact of climate change. Areas that were once considered safe might now face new challenges.
• Ensure you have the skills and resources to thrive in the chosen climate, whether it’s building a snow shelter or setting up a rainwater harvesting system.

Population Density and Proximity to Urban Areas

In a crisis, the behavior of large groups of people can be unpredictable. Urban areas, with their high population density, can become hotspots for chaos, making the surrounding areas potentially unsafe as well. Understanding the dynamics of population and its relation to your bug-out location is crucial.

The Risks of High Population Density

High-population areas come with their own set of challenges:

• Resource Scarcity: In a prolonged crisis, essential resources like food, water, and medicine can become scarce quickly.
• Civil Unrest: High-population areas can see a rise in crime, looting, and general unrest during disasters.
• Disease Spread: In situations like a pandemic, densely populated areas can become epicenters for the spread of disease.

Benefits of Remote Locations vs. Small Towns

While the allure of complete isolation might seem appealing, there are benefits to being near smaller communities:

• Community Support: Small towns can offer a sense of community, where people band together in tough times.
• Resource Sharing: While not as abundant as urban centers, small towns can have essential resources, and bartering can become a valuable exchange method.
• Security: There’s safety in numbers. A tight-knit community can offer protection against external threats.

Recognizing the Balance

Finding the right balance between complete isolation and being near a community is key. Consider:

• Accessibility: Ensure you’re not so remote that you can’t access essential supplies and medical care when needed.
• Community Dynamics: If near a small town, understand the local dynamics. Are they welcoming to outsiders? Do they have a preparedness mindset?
• Safety Buffer: Even if near a community, ensure you have a buffer zone, a distance that offers privacy and security from immediate threats.

Legal Considerations for Bug-Out Locations

While survival is paramount, it’s essential to understand the legal landscape surrounding bug-out locations. Ignoring legalities can lead to complications, disputes, or even eviction from your chosen location.

Land Ownership and Rights

Before setting up a bug-out location, ensure you have the legal right to be there:

• Purchasing Land: If buying property, ensure all paperwork is in order and that you have a clear title to the land.
• Land Leases: If leasing land, understand the terms of your lease. How long can you stay? Are there any restrictions on building or land use?
• Public vs. Private Land: Setting up on public land can lead to eviction or legal penalties. Always opt for private land where you have clear rights.

Building and Zoning Laws

Even in remote areas, there may be regulations on what you can build:

• Permits: Before constructing any permanent structures, check if you need building permits.
• Zoning Restrictions: Some areas may have zoning laws that dictate the type of structures allowed or their placement.
• Environmental Restrictions: In some regions, especially near water sources or protected areas, there might be restrictions to protect the environment.

Tax Implications

Owning land usually comes with tax obligations:

• Property Taxes: Ensure you’re aware of any annual property taxes and keep them current to avoid legal complications.
• Tax Benefits: In some cases, using the land for certain purposes, like farming, might offer tax breaks or incentives.

Neighborly Relations

Even in remote areas, you might have neighbors:

• Boundary Disputes: Clearly mark and understand the boundaries of your property to avoid disputes.
• Community Norms: Every area, no matter how remote, has unwritten rules or norms. Get to know any nearby neighbors and understand the local customs or expectations.

Sustainability and Self-Sufficiency at Your Bug-Out Location

In a prolonged crisis, the ability to sustain oneself becomes paramount. A bug-out location isn’t just a temporary refuge; it should be a place where you can thrive even when cut off from traditional supply chains.

Water: The Essential Resource

Water is a non-negotiable need:

• Natural Sources: Identify nearby streams, rivers, or lakes. Ensure they are clean and free from contaminants.
• Rainwater Harvesting: Set up systems to collect and store rainwater. Consider filters to purify it for drinking.
• Water Storage: Have large storage tanks or cisterns. Regularly check them for leaks or contamination.

Energy Independence

Being off-grid can be an advantage:

• Solar Panels: Harness the power of the sun. Ensure you have a battery storage system.
• Wind Turbines: In windy areas, wind turbines can supplement your energy needs.
• Backup Generators: Have a generator for emergencies, but remember to store enough fuel.

Waste Management

Proper waste disposal is crucial for health:

• Composting: Turn organic waste into valuable compost for your garden.
• Sanitation: Set up a well-maintained outhouse or septic system. Regularly check for leaks or issues.
• Recycling: Reduce waste by reusing or repurposing items. Set up a system to segregate recyclables.

Security and Defense: Bug-Out Protection

While a bug-out location offers refuge from immediate threats, it’s essential to ensure its security against potential dangers, be they environmental or human-made.

Perimeter Security

Establishing a secure perimeter is the first line of defense:

• Natural Barriers: Utilize natural features like rivers, cliffs, or dense forests to deter unwanted visitors.
• Fencing: Install sturdy fencing, possibly with barbed or razor wire, to keep out both wildlife and potential threats.
• Surveillance: Use security cameras or motion detectors to monitor the perimeter. Consider low-tech solutions like tripwires or bells.

Defensive Strategies

Being prepared for potential confrontations is crucial:

• Safe Zones: Designate areas in your location where members can retreat during a threat. These should be easily defendable and have supplies.
• Training: Regularly practice defensive drills with all members of your group. Everyone should know their role during a crisis.
• Weapons: While firearms are an obvious choice, also consider non-lethal alternatives like pepper spray or tasers. Ensure everyone is trained in their use.

Concealment and Camouflage

Sometimes, the best defense is not being seen:

• Natural Camouflage: Use the natural surroundings to hide structures. For instance, earth-sheltered homes or using local vegetation on roofs.
• Noise Discipline: Be mindful of noise, especially at night. Use silencers on generators or other loud equipment.
• Light Discipline: At night, use blackout curtains or keep lights low to avoid drawing attention.

Community and Allies

There’s safety in numbers:

• Neighboring Allies: Build relationships with nearby trustworthy neighbors or other preppers. A mutual aid agreement can be beneficial.
• Communication: Set up a communication system with allies, like walkie-talkies or signal mirrors, to alert each other of potential threats.
• Trade and Barter: Establishing a trade system can be mutually beneficial. It can also reduce potential conflicts over resources. Check out our post on bartering basics for preppers.

Long-Term Living at Your BOL

A bug-out location isn’t just a temporary hideaway. For many, it may become a long-term or even permanent residence, especially in prolonged crises. As such, considerations for long-term living and fostering a sense of community become vital. In a post-SHTF scenario, you may literally be rebuilding society.

Shelter and Infrastructure

Ensuring a comfortable and durable living space is crucial:

• Durable Shelter: While tents or temporary structures might work short-term, consider more permanent dwellings like cabins, earth-sheltered homes, or even underground bunkers for long-term stays.
• Utilities: Think about long-term solutions for water, electricity, and waste. This might mean digging deeper wells, setting up larger solar arrays, or building a more permanent waste management system.

Education and Skill Building

Keeping the mind active and ensuring essential skills are passed on:

• Schooling: If there are children in your group, consider their education. This might mean homeschooling or even setting up a small community school.
• Skill Workshops: Regularly hold workshops to teach and refine essential survival skills. This ensures that even newcomers or younger members are well-equipped to contribute.

Recreation and Morale

Keeping spirits high is essential for long-term survival:

• Community Activities: Organize regular community events like potlucks, movie nights (if electricity allows), or sports days.
• Arts and Culture: Encourage artistic expression, be it through music, painting, or storytelling. This not only boosts morale but also helps preserve culture and history.
• Nature Activities: Organize hikes, fishing trips, or nature walks. It’s a great way to relax and stay connected with the environment.

Governance and Decision Making

A structured approach to decision-making ensures harmony:

• Community Meetings: Hold regular meetings to discuss issues, plans, and any disputes. This ensures everyone feels heard.
• Leadership: While a democratic approach is ideal, having designated leaders can help streamline decision-making during crises.
• Conflict Resolution: Set up a system or council to handle disputes. This prevents small disagreements from escalating and maintains community harmony.

Top Recommended Bug Out Locations in the U.S.

In the realm of prepping, the location of your bug-out spot can make all the difference. The U.S. offers a vast array of diverse terrains and climates, each with its own set of advantages. Here are some top contenders:

The Appalachian Mountains

Stretching from Georgia to Maine, the Appalachian Mountains offer a rugged and dense terrain, ideal for those seeking seclusion:

• Natural Resources: Rich in freshwater sources, fertile soil, and abundant wildlife, sustenance is readily available.
• Defensible Terrain: The mountainous region provides natural barriers against potential threats.
• Climate: While winters can be cold, the region generally offers a temperate climate, making year-round living feasible.

The Ozarks in Missouri and Arkansas

This plateau region offers a mix of forests, lakes, and rivers:

• Water Availability: The Ozarks are home to numerous freshwater springs, essential for long-term sustainability.
• Isolation: The rugged terrain and dense forests provide natural cover, ideal for staying hidden.
• Agricultural Potential: The soil in the region is suitable for farming, ensuring a steady food supply.

Northern Idaho and Western Montana

A favorite among many preppers, this region offers a mix of mountains, forests, and lakes:

• Low Population Density: Fewer people mean fewer potential threats and more resources per capita.
• Hunting Opportunities: The region is rich in wildlife, from deer to fish, providing ample food sources.
• Natural Beauty: Beyond just survival, the breathtaking landscapes offer a quality of life that’s hard to match.

Rural Parts of Texas Hill Country

This region combines the benefits of temperate weather with a good mix of resources:

• Water Sources: Despite being in Texas, the Hill Country has a decent amount of rivers and underground aquifers.
• Land Availability: Texas has vast tracts of land that can be acquired relatively cheaply, ideal for setting up a sizable bug-out location.
• Diverse Ecosystem: From forests to grasslands, the region supports a variety of wildlife and vegetation.

The High Desert Regions of the Southwest

While deserts might not be the first choice for many, they offer unique advantages:

• Low Visibility: The sparse vegetation and vast landscapes make it hard for intruders to approach unnoticed.
• Solar Potential: The high number of sunny days makes solar energy a viable option.
• Natural Medicine: The desert is home to various medicinal plants, which can be invaluable when modern medicine is scarce.

These locations, while diverse, all offer unique advantages for those looking to establish a bug-out spot. The key is to assess individual needs and capabilities and choose a location that aligns with them.

And remember: Proximity is key.

Conclusion

Choosing the right bug-out location is more than just picking a spot on the map. It’s about understanding the unique challenges and benefits each region offers and aligning them with your personal needs and capabilities. 

From the rugged terrains of the Appalachian Mountains to the vast expanse of the Texas Hill Country, the U.S. offers a plethora of options for those committed to the prepper lifestyle. 

Whether you’re seeking isolation, abundant natural resources, or a combination of both, there’s a location tailored for you. Remember, the key to successful prepping is not just about surviving but thriving. 

By carefully selecting and preparing your bug-out location, you’re not only ensuring your safety but also laying the foundation for a sustainable future in an ever-changing world.

Parting Thought

But remember the reality check we introduced at the beginning of this article. Since the BOL needs to be fairly close by anyway, how about making your BOL your permanent residence? This eliminates all the risks of bugging out and saves a great deal of expense.

FAQ

Q: What is a bug-out location (BOL)? 

A: A bug-out location (BOL) is a pre-designated place where individuals or families can go to seek refuge during emergencies or disasters. It’s a safe haven away from immediate threats, stocked with essential supplies and resources.

Q: Why is it important to choose a BOL away from urban areas? 

A: Urban areas can become chaotic during crises due to high population density, potential for resource scarcity, and increased security threats. A BOL away from the city offers more seclusion, better access to natural resources, and reduced competition for those resources.

Q: How do I choose the best BOL for my needs? 

A: Consider factors like distance from your current location, accessibility, natural resources, climate, terrain, and potential threats in the area. It’s also essential to visit and familiarize yourself with the location before an emergency arises.

Q: How can I ensure my BOL remains secure and undiscovered? 

A: Choose a location that’s off the beaten path, avoid telling too many people about it, and consider natural camouflage or concealment methods. Regularly check and maintain the location to ensure it remains in good condition and undiscovered.

Q: What should I stock in my BOL? 

A: Essentials include food, water, medical supplies, shelter materials, tools, weapons for protection, and communication devices. Tailor your supplies based on the specific needs of your group and the potential challenges of the location.

Q: Can I have multiple BOLs? 

A: Absolutely! Having multiple BOLs provides flexibility and options in case one location becomes compromised or inaccessible. It’s a good idea to have a primary BOL and backup locations in different directions from your starting point. On the other hand, you are also talking about a lot of money!

Q: How often should I check and maintain my BOL? 

A: Regular visits, at least annually, are recommended. This ensures that your supplies remain in good condition, the location hasn’t been discovered or tampered with, and you’re familiar with the route and any changes in the area.

And this brings us back to our main point. Since it has to be close to where you are bugging out from, why not make it your permanent home?